Mcdonald’s Corporation in the New Millennium Essay

Hamburger or non-hamburger segment put high value on healthy food such as chicken burger or salads. The fast-food industry becoming healthier than before and the potential customers whom care what they eat will go to McDonald’s get they want. The competitive strategy is toward to hear what customer want and create new life style such as healthy food or vegetarian food, and changing fast for keeping original client and gaining more as well. Answer to Q3: Strengths for McDonald’s: No. 1 Fast-food chains- have bigger market share than others. Weakness for McDonald’s Image of McDonald’s fast-food is unhealthy-got to change unhealthy image to healthy one. McDonald’s have large market share than others fast-food restaurants. It strengths are more people could know the news of McDonald’s and easy find it out when have new product or promotion McDonald’s should change the image to that fast-food is healthy food, and plus large share market, McDonald’s future will attract more healthy food lover and doing well for its customers. Answer to Q4: In my opinion, McDonald’s should develop a separate strategy for heavy user segment. According text book† Some of these customers visit fast-food restaurant 20 times per month and spend up to $40 per day in them. † McDonald’s could develop new strategy for them such as home delivery for free order more than $49 or other promotions. Product Strategy Product strategy begins with a strategic vision that states where a company wants to go, how it will get there, and why it will be successful. † †Product strategy is like a roadmap, and like a roadmap it’s useful only when you now where you are and where you want to go

Fail to Succeed

? Fail to Succeed Hello, I would like to introduce you to a different way of thinking about failure. Most of us know or see successful people in our daily lives. Some of us wonder if we will ever be successful. Some of us think that the successful person has always been this way. I have even heard people comment that success was given to that successful person. Either way you look at it or whatever you think about success. I can assure you most of the successful people you see became successful after some type of failure. Failure to succeed is not about failure; it is about using your failures to achieve success. I think at some point we have all failed in something. If you have never failed you probably just don’t remember. Even the smallest failures can change our lives. Failure goes as far back as learning to walk. We may not remember it but the first time we fell, our little baby brain says â€Å"we don’t want to do that again†. As we got older we missed a math question on a test, or had a couple of run on sentences in an English essay. We don’t really think about these things because they are so small but, they were all failures. We did figure out how to improve in these areas either consciously or sub consciously and we learned from that failure. We may have even become a success at what we improved on. Some people learned so much from falling down, they became stuntmen/women. Some failed so miserably in math they became accountants for the u. s government. Hans Christian Anderson had dyslexia. His condition is by no means a failure but his early years of learning to read write were full of failures. He became one of our greatest writers in history. All failures can lead to success. I worked for a large marketing company for about 2 years. I was a speaking for a well known real estate millionaire. His name is Robert Allen. Robert Allen filed bankruptcy in the early 80’s. He had acquired millions of dollars in real estate and when the bottom fell out so did his bank account. Of course he was down and out months. He went from a 10,000 square feet house in Colorado to a 2 bedroom apartment in San Diego. He had lost everything. After this failure he realized he could be successful in the same business if he changed a couple things. He began to write down all his thoughts and ideas and came up with 7 steps to be successful in real estate without using any money. He bean to put his ideas to work and within a year from his failure he was successful again. He has become a real estate millionaire again and has written many books about investing in real estate. His main focus to all of his books fall back to his big failure in the early 80’s. He mentions in one of his books, without that failure he could have never been as successful as he is today. He failed to succeed. I spent this last summer on the football field as an assistant coach for my sons football team. We practiced and practiced and had a lot of fun. Kids get used to playing against the same other kid during practice and they get comfortable. This was my sons first season and he was fired up, excited. Finally the first game had arrived. He was so excited and ready to go in his new uniform with all the gear. He felt like a real football hero before the game even started. First play of the game, he lines up and a bigger kid knocks him flat on his butt. Oh, he cried and cried and was terrified. This went on for a game or two. Finally, I told him it was time to be the hammer and not the nail. He thought this was a good idea too. I gave him a couple of tips and he became the best defensive lineman on the team. This was not because of my tips but because he was tired of failing. Once he realized he could be successful in this situation, failure was no longer an option. Although his failure was small to the coaches or even his buddies, it meant a lot to him. Without this failure he never would have learned that some else was capable of beating him in this position. Now he is always ready to go head to head no matter who is in front of him. He succeeded by failure. In conclusion I just want to be sure when you fail you realize why you failed. Failure can be a great success as you have read in my examples. At first it may not seem so but as we analyze our failures we can become a much greater success than before we failed. I have taken advice from many people in my life, most of them much older than I. I like to hear what people have to say about their failures and success because most of the time they are closely related. We can also learn from others who have failed before we fail on our own. I think failure is often overlooked as good education. I believe failure to be one of our best learning tools. So, I hope you can fail and become successful, I hope you can fail with confidence, I hope you fail to succeed.

Practical book review Essay

Petersen breaks down the book in five parts . He starts off with part one the value of of communication balancing: listing awhile , talk until the other person stops hearing , Listen until the person calms enough to hear again. He furthers this in a another chapter. He then moves on to the Flat-brain theory . He uses diagrams to explain the different levels of Stomach functions which is where the our emotions are located . This area is were we experience our inner nudges . He also explains how the heart functions , the heart functions as a filter it gives and receives concerns , suggestions, and support. The next function is the head. The functions of the head is thinking, planning , remembering. The next couple of chapters begin to talk about he goes into a deeper understanding of the the flat brain theory until he reaches the flat- brain syndrome where he talks about how our brains function better in a short football shape. However when our brains are squished it creates a serious defect in our head fiction.he continues to talk about this concept . Part two starts off with the talker listener process taking turns talking and listening. This can and will determine the role of talker or listener. The talker-listener card was introduced and we were provided a actual card to put to use in our personal time. The purpose of this card is to create an atmosphere and role of each persons involved. The card provides instructions on when to talk and when to listen this the opportunity of the talker to without being interrupted and the listener to be attentive to what the talker is talking about. Chapters 8 through 15 go deeper in depth of the talker- listener card and its many functions from the talker prescriptive and the listener prescriptive. Part Three Petersen highlights the six communication traps, 1. Ritual listening, 2.Perry Masons( which made me chuckle ) 3. Why? 4. Not?5. I understand, he goes in depth to help the reader understand the difference between the five communications traps. He also talks about when trying new things and some of the thoughts that come long with that . When trying new skills you always have negative reactions such as: To much repetition grates, new skills often sound fake, friends and family co-worker get rattled by change. He further part three by discussing basic listening technique . He uses technique such as : para-feeling ( putting the talker’s feelings into your words), decoding . He futhers the conversation of why we don’t listen better in part five Where you can use TLC( talker-listener card) in group settings . The TLC card can help aide through difficult discussion as well help moderate a two person conversation . In conclusion in part five he states â€Å" how if you go beyond skill to increase empathy, genuineness and warmth you’ll tap into reservoir of healthy humanness that’ll out wheels on your technique( Pg 210). RESPOND! I remember growing up and my mother would ask me â€Å" how are you? what are thinking about?† I would have such a difficult time in expressing my feelings. I felt like when no one really cared about me , and my thoughts. In chapter eleven Petersen talks about the first talker goal: sharing your feelings. I immediately become more in tune with what I was reading. I recently had an encounter with a very close friend and she made the statement: Kia you listen to everyone else’s problems but you never seem to open as easy as we do to you. That’s unfair to us as friends. I thought to myself I trust them as friends but sometimes its easier for me to keep my thoughts to my self . However from reading this chapter I understand that it hinders my communication not only with my friends but with others . It puts a stumbling block on me to be open and receptive. So I went back to that friend and we went to dinner and I used skittles as props; we sat down and for every skittle in my hand I had to share my feelings or thoughts on questions she had or asked. I can honestly say that just by having this little prop it open the door and I was able to release so much that I was holding back from her. I now see the difference of talking and listening she listened attentively and this allowed me to be honest and not feel judged by her or her actions. REFLECT! Honestly the thought that popped in my head as I was reading this book was our relationship with Christ. I have said this before but it seems to be more imperative . We often talk to Christ and we tell Him all the troubles of our lives and how we need this or we need that.However we often neglect the fact that Christ has to something to say to us. I started to reflect on the stories of Jonah , Moses. They did not want to recognize the many clues that was present to them throughout their walk so it took spectacular things to happen to them before they got the message. Isn’t like God to speak to us In the loudest moments of our lives. In those times of anger and frustration and we miss the mark because we are so loud internally. He took Jonah inside of the fishes belly in order to get the message to him . It took a burning bush to get Moses attention and it took me reading this book ; to recognize that internally I’m so loud that I need to learn how to calm myself down and others to experience me. Could it be that God has to extreme measures sometimes for me to stop and recognize Him? I often am on the go and pray on the go but I have recognize that in the moments when I feel like giving up or fighting or screaming He speaks quietly and calms my mind , soul, and spirit. He speaks often I guess the question is how much are we really listening ?Silence keeps you bound , talking gets you free, listening brings understanding! ACT! Some of the techniques that I plan on using are the Talker- Listener card . I plan using this in my personal life ,when I have arguments and as well as in just simple conversations when trying to come to an agreement. I believe that this strategy will be helpful in my prayer time . The concept of talking and listening and really allowing God to minster to me as I minster to Him. Another technique I will use and will keep visuals of is the balancing scale of the emotions, heart, judgement or thoughts. Remembering the scale will help balance my conversations in the future especially when it comes to a misunderstanding. I really thank Petersen because I am a visual learner and the pictures put what he was saying in perceptive for me. Another technique that is really important to is remembering the pointing finger. In many conversations I often use my hands to communicate how I’m feeling . After reading this section of the book I understand how my hands and fingers can seem more offensive then helping . I will remember this and will try to not use my hands as much in explaining my feelings. I plan incorporating the talker- listener card in my youth groups and after school programs. Teaching our youth to the stages of communication now . View as multi-pages

UK Employers and Human Resource Management Essay

UK Employers and Human Resource Management - Essay Example According to the discussion  manpower cannot be totally replaced by machines. Despite the technological advances, the globalization swamping businesses worldwide has necessitated an ever more strategic approach to human resource management. Therefore, it is important that managers are able to decipher trends that may impact their companies. Still, it is also equally important to note that in manpower management, the people are a very crucial consideration as this plays out strongly in the company’s image. Empowerment has been very crucial to enhancing the productivity of these workers. However, to empower workers means that there must be a certain degree of participation on the part of these employees.From this paper it is clear that  the respective unions of employees have been very crucial in helping the labourers of a company to voice out their concerns. However, through the last three decades, there has been a weakening of these social structures which has enabled UK e mployers to have a firmer grasp on their employees to the detriment of their Labour force. The gradual weakening of the system has significantly weakened the once formidable unions of the country paving the way for companies to further flex their influences over their employees. This weakening eventually resulted in a gradual shift of human resources strategies to favour a more unitarist approach to human resource management.... Howell (2005) laments about the weakening and eventual demise of the once mighty Labour movement which bannered a significant victory for politicians against the various unions in the state. It seems that there has been a potent combination of various judicial and legislative actions as well as various forms of administrative measures coupled with various crises to forge a new way of relating to the Labour force. The gradual weakening of the system has significantly weakened the once formidable unions of the country paving the way for companies to further flex their influences over their employees. This weakening eventually resulted in a gradual shift of human resources strategies to favour a more unitarist approach to human resource management. Indeed, according to Howell (2005) the state has played a very pivotal role in this development. As mentioned. The various legislations and even the crisis of 1979 have been instrumental in the decade’s long transformation of the emplo yment conditions of the UK. Slowly but surely, the balance of power gradually tilted sharply towards the employers. As the hold of the employers strengthened, they are able to impose additional regulations and procedures with little or even no dialogues with their employees. Bennet (1997) stresses that this can be detrimental to the firm as it is tantamount to forcing the will of the organization to the employees. In so doing, important suggestions and signals may be lost wherein the employees are just made to follow the orders of the company. Unfortunately, these tend to be detrimental since they are able to foster resentments rather than conflict resolutions when the employees are by passed by these procedures.

Sculpture Course Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sculpture Course Paper - Essay Example Her art was inspired by her traumatic past in which she struggled with themes of sex and the body, depression and violence, marriage and motherhood, and aging and childhood. She lived to be almost 100 year of age, therefore, her career spanned more than seven decades. She is best known for her series of giant spiders, which were inspired by her beloved mother Josephine, who was a weaver. Her most well known work is â€Å"Maman† (1999), which depicts a giant spider 30-foot high with a sac containing marble eggs. The title â€Å"Maman† is French for Mother. This sculpture has brought Bourgeois into the 20th century Pop Culture genre. Spiders are very alarming and strong figures in their effect on people. They can pull differing emotions from fear to terror, to curiosity and playfulness. The first creation of â€Å"Maman† filled the space Bourgeois’ was given to create her piece. There was just enough room left to work around in the great Turbine Hall. This g ave her room for exploration of her relationship with her mother in her characterization of the giant spider. Viewing â€Å"Maman† can invoke fear, terror, playfulness and even awe at the size and inspiration behind the spinally figure.

Peter the Great's Reformation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Peter the Great's Reformation - Essay Example Peter instituted state wide reformation from military ranks to beard taxation, all of which helped Westernize Russia. These westernizing reformations forced Russia modernize, and adoption of European culture whether the people liked it or not. Peter the Great's most significant changes to the state were the improvements to the Russian military and also the expansion of the Russian industry. Throughout his reign, Peter the Great's ambitious westernizing reformation of the Russian military and industry transformed Russian into a strong and well respected European power at the expense of the countries laboring serfs. After the crushing defeat against the Swedish at the Battle of Narva, Peter the Great realized he had to reform the Russian military they wanted to stand a chance against the European powers. Although Peter's army was very large the soldiers were in sufficiently trained and inadequately equipped (Hosking). Peters officers and soldiers were not accustomed to fighting the European style battles involving open field. Peter knew that if he wanted match the European powers he needed to teach his officers western military tactics, modernize the weaponry for the soldiers, and raise funds to apply these changes. Peter also adopted European style uniforms for his army to express formality and contention to the Western powers. With this large, formal, advanced, and educated army, Russia could safely protect its newly acquired lands, contest European powers such as Sweden.

Critique of quantative research article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critique of quantative research article - Essay Example In HFHS, the candidate is evaluated using their reaction to a human like a mannequin that responds to external stimuli like a real patient would. The study used two other evaluation methods to augment the results of VTV and HFHS in relation to critical thinking. These were the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) and California Critical Thinking Skill Test (CCTST). CCTDI and CCTST join the link between physical performance and the mental capacity engaged in this type of response. The study aims at establishing if there is a link between critical thinking and the overall performance of a practicing nurse in the real world clinical situations. This is done by comparing the performance scores in HFHS and VTV assessments and determining if there is a relationship between simulations based performances and critical thinking. In the nursing profession, there is the need for a high degree of competency in handling medical situations and emergencies. How a nurse respond s to a situation is meaningful for a patient’s recovery or their demise. The proper identification of a problem and the appropriate subsequent response to the problem is linked to how effective that person is at handling such situations, and it has been linked to a person’s state of mind. ... The assessment of critical thinking through the use of question and answer methods fail to bring out the actual capability of a nurse in a real clinical situation. They do help to gauge their cognitive abilities, but do not show their level performance, in a practical scenario, where their actions and judgments are required immediately to save a life. The development of simulated assessment methods present a better method of assessing the performance of an individual, and it makes it easier for them to provide rationale, for their actions because simulations engage multiple sensory pathways making them dynamic, thus giving the nurse a variety of options to choose from, in regards to the one that is best suited for the situation at hand. Videotape vignettes (VTV) is an assessment method that requires a test candidate to watch a video where an actor assumes the condition of a patient suffering from a specific ailment and the candidate writes down how they would respond in such a situat ion and reasons supporting their decisions. In the assessment method of High fidelity Human Simulation (HFHS), the candidate is exposed to controlled experimental type scenario where a human like mannequin that can respond to external stimuli is programmed to mimic a person who is suffering from a certain ailment. The candidate’s performance is evaluated by gauging how they handle the ‘patient’ and what type of actions they initiate to mitigate the unfolding situation. To be able to gauge the critical thinking capacity of candidate accurately, these assessments are coupled to California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) and California Critical Thinking Skill Test (CCTST) as a way of trying to create a link between

Comparison between Le Guin's The Ones that Walk Away from Omelas and Essay - 1

Comparison between Le Guin's The Ones that Walk Away from Omelas and Kafka's The Metamorphosis - Essay Example The storylines in the two pieces of writing are varied. Le Guin addresses the situation in an imaginary community called Omelas that has people that live in much happiness and delight. The people in this area adhere to their culture and are intelligent. Despite the hullabaloo of happiness in the community, there is a child that is suffering in a filthy place, a sacrifice for the community to live happily. Only adults are required to know about this issue. It happens that some who realize the issue opt to walk away from Omelas to unknown destination. On the other hand, Kafka addresses the predicaments of the Samsa’s family. Gregor Samsa is the main character, he used to be a travelling salesman before he transformed to a ‘monstrous vermin’. This scenario scares his family members, he is unable to go to work thereby exposing his family to several predicaments since he was the bread winner. They try as much as possible to take care of him but are uncertain about his destiny. Gregor at one point causes borders in their home to flee. His sister Crete is fed up taking care of him and wishes him dead, a proposition that his father agrees with. Gregor is also made aware and dies in his house. Upon his death, the family is highly relieved. The two stories address unusual occurrences in the society. Therefore, the stories do carry some hidden meaning. The setting of Le Guin’s story encompasses a situation where festivities are depicted as the dominant aspect. Contrarily, The Metamorphosis is a sad story for the Samsa family; Gregor seems to be a thorn in the flesh, though at one point was the breadwinner of the family. In this family life is not as enjoyable as is the city of Omelas. However, the joy and happiness in the city has an underlying suffering component, this is because of the young child that suffers so that the community can live happily. Both stories presents out of ordinary incidences. Le Guins fails to explain the relationship between

Security in Wireless LAN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Security in Wireless LAN - Essay Example are some of the well known access points. Antenna: It determines the reach of the WLAN. It is basically a transceiver i.e. receiving as well as transmitting the signals. Antenna takes directions from the wireless network interface card of the computer. Laptop/ Desktop systems: Since WLAN is basically designed for mobility, therefore Laptop happens to be the best companion to work with the help of network. The laptop must be having a wireless network interface PCMCIA card for WLAN compatible. Wireless network interface cards work with a 48-bit MAC address associated with them. This address is completely unique to each card. Security settings: For a low end access point, security is generally limited to using WEP encryption technique and MAC address filters. MAC address filtering is used to limit the number of hardware components that can access the wireless network. For a higher end transmitter, like used for a corporate set-up Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) is used. This offers better security than WEP. TKIP offers new encryption algorithms every now and then, and keeps changing the encryption keys making it more difficult for a network hacker to sniff them.

Preparation of Nylon-6 from petroleum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Preparation of Nylon-6 from petroleum - Essay Example DuPont continued with his research and in 1941 pioneered the first moldable polyamide grade. However, in 1938 a German P. Schlack at IG Farbenindustrie produced another commercially important nylon 6 through caprolactam and its subsequent patenting being done in 1941 (Brown, Foote, and Iverson 2011, p.6). The market for nylon-6 has since then grown and is used for various purposes worldwide. Nylon 6 is the most popular type of nylon in use and accounts for more than 50% of the global market (Brown, Foote, and Iverson 2011, p.9). The nylon falls under the thermoplastic family and has several properties that make it different from other types of polyamide. The properties of nylon 6 include the fact that it is tough, with high tensile strength. This implies that it does not break easily due to the bonding between each molecule resulting from the polymerization process. Secondly, nylon 6 does not wrinkle. It is also highly resistant to abrasive effects, such as alkalis and chemicals. This implies that it does not tear easily when such chemicals get into contact with the material. The product is also capable of absorbing water of up to 2.4%, which in most cases reduces its tensile strength (Brown, Foote, and Iverson 2011, p.9). In addition, nylon 6 is highly elastic and has the capacity of being used as a technical nutrient. Moreover, it is a semicrystalline polyamide. Nexant (2009, p.1) notes that nylon 6 is used extensively particularly in the automotive, industrial, consumer, as well as in electrical and electronic industries. However, its use has grown particularly in the automotive industry. This is attributed to the fact that there has been a trend towards preference of plastic material to metals as weight and cost reduction strategies. In addition, the use of nylon in the automotive industry has been seen as a means of reducing vehicle emissions that pollute that environment. Market outlook shows varying

Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Global Warming - Essay Example This is a difficult dilemma, because the effects of climate change will manifest themselves in different ways in different regions, from pole to pole. The political reasoning of the problem solution suggests that all countries need to make coordinated and deliberate actions based on special international conventions on climate change. Scientists and international scientific community are now under a tremendous pressure, as a correct identification of climate change trends and its main consequences in the future will save humanity from immense ills and, vice versa, adoption of expensive measures without sufficient scientific grounds will lead to huge economic losses. Global Warming Its easiest definition runs that global warming is a gradual increase in average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans in the 20th and 21st centuries. Scientific judgments, expressed by the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, directly supported by National Academies of Sciences o f the Big Eight, say that the average temperature on Earth has risen by 0.7 Â ° C since the Industrial Revolution (the second half of the 18th century) and a considerable proportion of observed warming over the past 50 years was caused by human activities, primarily by gas emission (carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4)), that cause the greenhouse effect (Mank 1). The increase in average global temperature led to a decrease in continental glaciers. In addition, we should expect a decrease of the permafrost zone, which presently occupies a significant part of the planet, as well as anticipate changes in the methods of management, farming, construction, etc. in the zone itself. Measurements and calculations showed that for the last 100 years mountain glaciers have decreased by approximately 2.000 cubical kilometers; the annual decline averaged 0.06% of the total mass of Alpine ice. Signs of glaciers’ degradation are observed in all regions of the Arctic, where global warming manifests itself to the maximum extent. Climate warming leads to sea levels rise. Over the past 20 years the rate of increase has doubled and reached 2.5 cm/yr. This rise promises significant environmental consequences. Saltwater intrusion in deltas of the major rivers will destroy protected habitat for wild animals and birds, spawning grounds for fish. Sea level rise will increase a probability of devastating storms. The issue of dams’ building needs to be thought through today. About 70% of the seaside is currently being destroyed as a result of natural lift of water and increasing human activities. This process will be further exacerbated by global warming. So, according to the UN Environment Program data, in the Nile Delta, for example, one-fifth of the arable land of Egypt can be flooded by rising water, which will affect about 10 million people (Mank 3). Scientists state that in addition to sea-level rise, rise of global temperature will lead to changes in the quantity and distribution of precipitation. As a result, there is a strong possibility of natural disasters such as floods, droughts, hurricanes, etc.; harvests will fall in the affected areas and will increase in other zones (due to increasing concentration of carbon dioxide). Climate warming may cause a geographic

Gatsby Embodies West Egg Essay Example for Free

Gatsby Embodies West Egg Essay In the novel, â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, Scott Fitzgerald uses various literary devices such as theme, irony, and characterization to embody Gatsby with West Egg characteristics. The Great Gatsby is set in New York and on Long Island, in two areas known as West Egg and East Egg. The narrator, Nick, describes West Egg as the home to the â€Å"new rich,† those who, having made their fortunes recently, have neither the social connections nor the refinement to move among the East Egg set. West Egg is characterized by lavish displays of wealth and garish poor taste. Both locations can be seen generally as: established aristocracy for East Egg and the self-made rich in West Egg. Therefore, there’s definitely a discrepancy between the two places. Gatsby, one of the protagonists of the novel, lives in a huge mansion in West Egg and is an urbane man. He hosts parties every night which are full of fun and action, he seems like a man that exhilarates people to have fun. Gatsby embodies the characteristics of West Egg as he, at least until chapter 5, has made himself rich. In chapter 5 Gatsby clarifies that he did inherit his money from his family who bequeathed it to him, however he â€Å"lost most of it in the big panic- the panic of the war† (Fitzgerald 87). Therefore he got involved in the drug business and oil business to make money again, which he is no longer involved in. This is one way Gatsby embodies West Egg as he made himself rich by working in these 2 businesses. It is clear that Gatsby is wealthy as he owns an enormous house with â€Å"a swim pool, beach, vast garden, fancy parties and marble everywhere† (Fitzgerald 11). This portrays one of the themes in the novel, the clash between â€Å"old money† and â€Å"new money†, that manifests itself in the novel’s symbolic geography: East Egg and West Egg. Gatsby would be considered the â€Å"new money†, while people such as Tom, which come from a wealthy family, is the â€Å"old money†. This is a pivotal theme throughout the novel as it affects various aspects of characters and setting. This also relates to how the discrepancy between West Egg and East Egg affects the characterization of certain characters. Gatsby is characterized as a man that is wealthy and loves to share his â€Å"happiness† with others by hosting numerous parties which are full of expensive drinks such as â€Å"Chartreuse† (Fitzgerald 88) held in his luxurious mansion. Irony is also present in the first chapters of the novel, as before Nick Carraway met Gatsby, no one truly knew who he was or where he came from. There where a few rumors, such as him killing someone or being the son of a German king, however no one knew the truth and people wanted to ascertain more about Gatsby. Many scrutinized his background as many wondered where he came from, and who he truly was. Throughout the novel the reader know learns more about Gatsby. One might expect Gatsby, the organizer of the huge parties, to be an active, energetic, and creative person; however its ironic how the reader finds out Gatsby is the complete opposite. He is describes as a man of class, elegant, who doesn’t drink, isn’t an alcoholic, and isn’t a great partier himself, as he isn’t often present during his parties where everyone else is. This is another reason why he embodies the characteristics of West Egg, because in West Egg, those who made themselves rich, don’t, or at least until now, haven’t mentioned the way they earned their wealth. Gatsby doesn’t tell everyone immediately the way he became rich, he rarely talks about it. Also Nick, the narrator, he lives in West Egg, therefore he must have some sort of wealth, however he doesn’t mention it or clarifies exactly where he got it from. Instead East Egg seems to work in a different way, since it’s the place of â€Å"old money† and established aristocracy, that means people are established rich and have most likely inherited wealth from their family, such as Tom. Therefore, Fitzgerald portrays Gatsby in such ways that fulfill the characteristics of a man living in West Egg.

Corporate Social Responsibility In British Airways Management Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility In British Airways Management Essay Introduction This assignment concerns with an examination of business ethics in British Airways (BA) and in particular an event that happened in August, 2005, with it catering contractor, Gate Gourmet. The objectives of this assignment are; To examine BAs approach towards CSR. To find out whether Gate Gourmet employees are part of BAs stakeholders. To explain the negative outcomes. To explore ethical issues involved in the particular of outsourcing. The objective of this assignment will be achieved by using the theories, concepts of business ethics. This assignment discuss about a number of interesting conclusions on how BA handles CSR and the particular problem with Gate Gourmet. (2.1) Introduction about British Airways (BA) The British Airways group consists of British Airways plc and a number of subsidiary companies including British Airways Holidays Limited. British Airways is one of the worlds leading airlines with a network that provides passenger and freight services to 149 destinations in 72 countries.   In 2004/05, British Airways carried over 35 million passengers and nearly 900,000 tonnes of cargo.   Its airline network is centred on the United Kingdom, where 85% of its 47,500 workforce is based. The main activities of British Airways Plc and its subsidiary undertakings are the operation of international and domestic scheduled air services for the carriage of passengers, freight and mail and the provision of ancillary services. British Airways airline network generates economic value by meeting the demand for business travel, by offering vital arteries for trade and investment, as well as providing leisure travel opportunities for individuals and families. There vision is to become the worlds most responsible airline and they have recognized that this is best achieved by ensuring their flying activity is sustainable. They have developed a series of strategic goals and plans to deliver that vision. There are several reasons why British Airways chose to engage in CSR.   The first is because it is a tool to help achieve the companys long term strategic goals in providing growth opportunities around Heathrow airport.   Secondly, improving business efficiency and reducing costs through waste and energy programmes provided a strong business case for CSR.   The company also thought CSR could help them with risk management by identifying risks to health, safety and environment that could hinder its opportunity to attract investors and grow the business.   Lastly, it recognised that it needed to act to enhance its corporate reputation, and customer feedback (both corporate and from the general public) revealed that they expected British Airways to do the right thing. Its approach has also been influenced by the recognition that airlines generate major social and economic benefits, but also have significant impacts on the environment (for example, through noise and air quality) and on communities around airports. In developing its Climate Change Programme, British Airways has had to overcome several challenges, some of which still remain.   The political environment in which the company operates harbours many different views on climate change and there are different levels of awareness surrounding the topic.   This means that airlines take different views, as do governments.   In the UK the government (through its White Paper on aviation) has made it clear that expanding the aviation industry will mean that the industry has to deal with environmental issues.   However, the governments of many European countries have not gone through such detailed consultation and analysis and may not have such clarity on the issue.   Another challenge to the company was the cost implication of taking action when others within the industry were not Ref: www.britishairways.com 2.2. Triple Bottom Line Concept (TBL) Triple bottom line was introduced by Elkington in 1999. Triple bottom line is a unique approach to community development that integrates environmental stewardship, sustainable development and social justice.  The triple bottom line is made up of social, economic and environmental the people, planet, profit phrase was coined for shell by sustainability. Triple Bottom Line efforts are as varied as the organizations and communities in our state wide network. This approach is flexible and innovative, creating new economies that protect, enhance and restore natural, cultural, historic and community resources. The Triple Bottom Line standards for: Economic (Profit). Social (People). Environment (Planet). Economic (Profit) This is more about making a honest profit than raking a profit at any cost it must be made in harmony with the other two principles of People and Planet. While many major corporations used to sneer at the idea of a Triple Bottom Line reporting system. With a positive flow on effect to their suppliers. Because supply chains are also accountable to the overall impact of a company. A narrow concept of economic sustainability focuses on the economic performance of the corporation itself: the responsibility of management is develop, produce and market those products that secure long-term economic performance for the company. This includes a focus on strategies that lead to a long term rise in share price, revenues and market share rather than short term explosions of profits at the expense of long term viability. Social (People) This is also known as Human Capital. It really just means treating your employees right, but furthermore also the community where your business operates. In this part of the Triple Bottom Line model, business not only ensures a fair days work for a fair days pay; but also plods back some of its gains into the surrounding community through sponsorships, donation or projects that go towards the common good. The key issue in the social perspective of sustainability is that of social justice .Despite the impressive advances in standards of living that many of us have enjoyed; there are growing disparities of income and wealth within many countries. In a more just an equitable world, living standards will lead to more economic prosperity. Environment (Planet) This is Natural Capital. A business will strive to minimize its ecological impact in all areas from sourcing raw materials, to production processes, to shipping and administration. Its a cradle to grave approach and in some cases cradle to cradle i.e. taking some responsibility for goods after theyve been sold for example, offering a recycling or take back program. The importance of Triple Bottom Line reports are: Economic gains: Jobs created, Small businesses started or expanded, environmentally responsible industries engaged, Poverty reduced or alleviated. Social improvements: people of collar or low-wealth engaged; educational systems improved; racism dismantled; power shared. Environmental stewardship: land/water resources protected; working lands locally-owned; water quality improved; native plants and herbs propagated. 2.3. Economic responsibilities of BA. Aviation must be perfection within the overall climate framework with open access to cost-effective market-based instruments including carbon trading, Clean Development Mechanism(CDM) credits and potentially credits from Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) in developing countries. British Airways is playing a leading role within the aviation industry in developing and promoting proactive solutions for post-Kyoto aviation policy, through the International Air Transport Association (IATA), Association of European Airlines (AEA) and a dedicated group of companies called Aviation Global Deal (AGD).The AGD proposal is a sector-wide policy based on carbon trading that requires all airlines to participate on an equal basis. Carbon allowances are allocated in part by auctioning, with the resulting revenue being collected by a UN body and directed to specific environmental projects in developing countries. In this way the proposal meets both the competitiveness and common but differentiated responsibilities (whereby developed countries agree to take the lead on addressing climate change) principles. 2.4. Social responsibilities of BA. British Airways offer support in the form of funding, free flights, excess baggage, merchandise, cargo space and fundraising events. Our priorities for support are Education  and  Youth  Development, Supporting our Colleagues, Environment, Sustainable Tourism and Heritage. The Community and Conservation started in 1984; they provide these projects in and around the world. Many of BA staffs are involved in Charity work in and abroad as the part of the management they support their staffs in their charitable work. Few charity services mentioned below. 1) The BA community volunteering awards. 2) BA giving scheme. 3) BA fun runs for Cancer research UK. 4) Action for street children volunteer programme. Change for Good is promoted by onboard announcements and the showing of an onboard video. There are  nearly 2,400 British  Airways cabin crew members who co-ordinate the onboard collections from our customers. There are also collection points across British  Airways offices so our colleagues can also donate to the programme. E.g.: UNICEF. 2.5. Environment responsibilities of BA. BA was the first airline to report to the Environmental performance. This can be called one of the strategies of BA. They help in minimizing the cost travel more effectively. They minimize their impact through the latest technology including airframes, engines and alternative fuels.To achieve this strategy they have developed a Comprehensive programme, Climate change there overall strategy is to ensure we fully contribute our share of global carbon dioxide emission reductions by 2050 Waste there focus on reducing, reusing, recycling and responsible disposal of there waste Noise reducing our impact on local communities around the airports they serve. Air quality improving air quality for communitys around the air ports they serve. (2.6) Conclusion British Airways use the approach of CSR They truly believes now they have all the vital elements in place to deliver their overall vision of becoming the worlds most responsible airline. Ref: www.britishairways.com BAs approach towards corporate social responsibility using Triple Bottom Line. Triple bottom line was introduced by Elkington in 1999. According to him TBL represents the idea that business does not have just one single goal-namely adding economic value but that it has a extended goal set which necessitates adding environmental and social value too. To understand the components of sustainability which represents its necessary for to us to examine them separately. The components are divided into three. Economic. Social. Environmental. ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE When there was a dispute between Gate Gourmets and BAs there were 100,000 passengers Whose flights were cancelled they suffered because the tickets which the passenger purchased were not reimbursed nor transferred to the other flights. The strike had cost almost  £50 million which brought disturbance to more than 100,000 passengers. Thousands of employees who went on strike which caused disturbance to the passengers as the flights were cancelled. This was the season where the BA went on tremendous loss and decided to hire unofficial labour. As this strike went on the middle of the summer season were in there were lot of passengers who had to travel back home and were N number of visitors coming in ,this also could be a reason for BA to go under Bankrupt. The employees were aware of the situation and they had a upper hand to the situation. There were few Employees who even argued We have a very hardworking and professional workforce, the current situation is very much an exception to that rule. And the restructuring plan resulted in thousands of job losses. But the restructuring undoubtedly led to financial success. However, they have to still work on full loyalty of its employees to match its renewed financial success. SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE British Airways offer support in the form of funding, free flights, excess baggage, merchandise, cargo space and fundraising events. Our priorities for support are The Community and Conservation started in 1984; they provide these projects in and around the world.Many of BA staffs are involved in Charity work in and abroad as the part of the management they support their staffs in their charitable work. Few charity services mentioned below. 1) The BA community volunteering awards. 2) BA giving scheme. 3) BA fun runs for Cancer research UK. 4) Action for street children volunteer programme. Change for Good is promoted by onboard announcements and the showing of an onboard video. There are  nearly 2,400 British  Airways cabin crew members who co-ordinate the onboard collections from our customers. There are also collection points across British  Airways offices so our colleagues can also donate to the programme. E.g.: UNICEF. ENIVORNMENT PERSPECTIVE BA was the first airline to report to the Environmental performance. This can be called one of the strategies of BA. They help in minimizing the cost travel more effectively They minimize their impact through the latest technology including airframes, engines and alternative fuels. To achieve this strategy they have developed Comprehensive programmes: Climate change there overall strategy is to ensure they fully contribute their share of global carbon dioxide emission reductions by 2050. Waste focus on reducing, reusing, recycling and responsible disposal of waste. Noise reducing our impact on local communities around the airports they serve. Air quality improving air quality for communities around the airports they serve. Ref: britishairways.com 3. Explanation about Gate Gourmets is also part of BAs stakeholder? Using Corporate Social responsibility theory. Before we discuss about this matter we should understand the definition of whom the employee is and who the contractor is. Employee is a person who is hired to provide services to a company on a regular basis in exchange for compensation and who does not provide these services as part of an independent business. Contractor is a person or business which provides goods or services to another entity under terms specified in a contract. Unlike an employee, a contractor does not work regularly for a company. Contractors are not a part of company shareholder, how ever it has been argued that contractors are not legitimate shareholders of a client. However, in order to find out whether this is the case; the concept of salience of stakeholders will be used. Stakeholder is a Person, group, or organization that has direct or indirect stake in an organization because it can affect or be affected by the organizationHYPERLINK http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organization.htmlHYPERLINK http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organization.htmls actions, objectives, and policies. Stakeholders are shareholders, customers, creditors, suppliers, employees, government and community of an organization. Gate Gourmet is a food supplier for British Airways. This means they are the stakeholder of BA. Stakeholder plays a vital role for an organization. It is very important to assess stakeholder importance in order to manage these stakeholders. Mitchell et al (1997) suggest there are three key relationship factors likely to determine the importance of stakeholders.It also called Salience of Stakeholder; Power The conceived ability of stakeholder to influence organizational action. Legitimacy Whether the organization conceives the stakeholders actions to be readable, proper or appropriate. Urgency the degree to which stakeholder claims are conceived to call for immediate actions. Ref: britishairways.com Pedro Longart, Lecture hand-outs, 2009 4. Negative outcome of the Strike. There were lot of negative outcomes arises due to this industrial disputes at British Airways (BA).In order to understand this problem we have to analyse about the shareholders. In this dispute Gate Gourmet staff became key players. The negative outcomes of this strike are given below; The British Airways had cancelled over 700 flights and lost an estimated  £30 million as a result. 100,000 passengers had their journeys disrupted. With some delayed for days. It can be concluded BA strike happen because the importance of Gate Gourmet employee became key players. They were not put their attention. Because of that problem was arising. Ref: britishairways.com 5. Ethical Issues involved in the modern practise of outsourcing Ethical issues of involved in modern practice of outsourcing explained by sheffi in 2005 and Emmelhainz and Adams in 1999.Sheffi said that companies should never rely in contractor should either have used more than one creator. Otherwise, the relationship should be closer so that the companies knows more about what contractors is doing. He also explained that some firms, like banks have been criticised for poor customer support from outsourced Indian called centers, also Nike and Gap have been attacked over the sweatshops allegedly operate by some of their suppliers. He said outsourcing an activity does not mean it is no longer a firms problem. Emmelhainz and Adams said as there is a shift towards global supply and competition individual firms appear to be faced with the prospect of an extend chain of responsibility. Once it was perfectly acceptable to argue that the ethics of a firms suppliers, or a firm impact on its competitors, was simply not any of its business, this no longer seems to be the case. Hence, corporation have to take their ethical responsibilities much more broadly. Therefore the supply chain has to be used as a conduct for ethics management and regulations. (Pedro Longart, Lecture hand-outs, 2009)

Is Marxism And Democracy Are Incompatible Politics Essay

Is Marxism And Democracy Are Incompatible Politics Essay Karl Marx is widely thought of as the modern pioneer of the Socialist  movement. His theory of radical social  change through upheaval and class  struggle has undoubtedly left its mark on the history of the world. Countries  such as Russia, Yugoslavia, Albania and Cambodia have all attempted to use his  model of Socialism. There are  some present states such as Cuba, China and North  Korea that would still be considered Communist. The  question of whether or not  Marxism is compatible with democracy is in effect two questions.  Ã‚  First whether  Marxism can be brought  about within a pre-existing democratic framework and secondly whether democracy  can  endure and thrive within a Marxist regime. As  a starting point, it should be noted that there are a number of different  models of Marxism, including many  formulated since the death of Marx.  Ã‚  I will initially focus on the model as  formulated by Marx himself, discussing  some of the conte xt in which he wrote  and then I will then consider different critiques of the models that followed  Marxs writing. The term democracy is made up of the two Latin words Kratos  (which means rule) and demos (which means  by the people). Democracy is  widely defined by five key features: participation through elections, open and  fair  competition for power, avoiding tyranny of either the rulers or the  majority, ensuring accountability of government  and providing a forum for  discussion of political issues.  Whilst there are many different forms of democracy, Marx  wrote extensively on his critique of liberal democracy  and of the menace of Capitalism  in  The Communist Manifesto. Marx  refers to the abolition of the state through  radical change and social  upheaval. This change is needed because Marx contends that laws are made for  and  serve in the interest of the bourgeoisie. He writes the executive of the  modern state is but a committee for  managing the common affairs of the whole  bourgeoisie'[1]and that  the first step in the revolution by the working  class is to raise the proletariat to the position of the ruling class to win  the battle of democracy.[2] As a starting point for a  critique of Marxisms compatibility within a pre-existing democratic framework, it is clear that, for Marx,  winning the  battle of democracy is not about playing within the rules of  democracy. The  radical uprising and  social upheaval he  talks of in  The  Communist Manifesto  involves power being seized by the workers from  the ruling classes by  revolutionary and non-democratic means. Whilst the  Marxist- Leninists of the early 20th  century would say that  this  would be the lesser of two evils and that social harmony would be reached in  the end, the road by which  they achieved this would be undemocratic. Marx talks at length in  The Communist Manifesto  about the means  in which the proletariat would seize the  power. He explains that they would  abolish all private property, income tax, inheritance rights and ultimately the  class system. An aspect of Marxs vision that one could argue is democratic is  the way that he critiques  Capitalism in terms of the way the individual is  suppressed by the employer. He holds that in a truly democratic  society people  would be able to create  what ever they wanted and  that through the abolition of social classes  people would become individuals,  creative and free. In place of the old bourgeois society, with its classes and  class antagonisms, we shall have an association, in which the free development  of each is the condition for the  free development of all.'[3]  Carol Pearce writes that the desirability of Marxism  lies in  Ã‚  the freedom of the  individual to express their own tastes and perso nality, explore her own  interests, and thus develop her human  potential.[4]  Whilst there are other positive aspects of the Marxist  utopian vision that our modern society would  advocate, such as the abolition of  child labour, the growth of individual freedom and (for some) the state control  of the transport networks, there are many aspects of the Marxist utopian vision  that do not coincide with a truly  democratic society. The question at hand also seeks to discover if democracy can  thrive in a Marxist regime, thus questioning its  compatibility with democracy.  Norman Geras (1987) asserts, it is an axiom that  Socialism should be democratic  [5], but  this assertion is not necessarily true.  It has been argued that Lenins and then Stalins interpretation of the  Marxist vision distorted  the original ideals of Marxism. Stephen Boner  (1990) explains in the chapter  Leninism  and Beyond  that at the time of the Bolshevik October revolution in 1917 the  Bolsheviks believed that democracy  would become the price for a premature  seizure of power under conditions of underdevelopment.[6]  However  Gramsci, an Italian Marxist theorist, primarily saw these events as, a  revolution against Marxs  Capital  [7].  This  is because of the fact that under Lenin there was to be a short cut'[8]  on the road to Socialism. In an ideal social  revolution, Marx explained in  Capital[9],  there would be gradual changes in order to reach true social democracy  but this  was not the case in terms of the October Revolution and critics of Lenins brand  of Communism have  affirmed that there are no short cuts to achieving a true  Marxist society. Lenins successor Stalin  is also interesting to look at when discussing the democratic accountability of  the  Russian Socialist state in the years that followed. Stalins dictatorship  is well known for the cult of personality,  his collectivisation policies, the  mass death (from the famines that followed this policy) and the large-scale  work camps for prisoners (the gulag system) that he created. Whilst Stalinists  would have claimed that this  was being done in the interest of the policy they  called Socialism in one country, which would in the end  strengthen the Soviet  position in the world (with the aim that that the ideals of Socialism would  ultimately  spread), there are clearly many aspects deeply flawed with Stalins  interpretation of Marxism on a  humanitarian level and the consequences that followed. When considering the humanitarian implications of Marxism  it is worthwhile to compare the different forms of  Communism that have emerged  up in the 21st  century. While Lenin focused on the needs of the  working class as  the ruling class the dictatorship of the proletariat Mao in Communist China was concerned with the needs of the  peasantry.  Bernard-Henri Là ©vy, a French New  Philosopher, who became despondent with Marxism (he had  been a Maoist)  said there is: No socialism without camps, no classless society without its  terrorist truth.'[10] Ultimately one could argue  that all forms of Communism leads to the same place, namely that when the political state is  abolished via revolutionary activity and non-democratic means ultimately this  is followed by death, destruction of the people or that of their political  freedoms. Max Weber explains this notion: no ethics in the world can  dodge the fact that in numerous instances the attainment of good ends is  bound to  the fact that one must be willing to pay the price of using morally  dubious means or at least dangerous ones   and facing the possibility of evil  ramification  [11] One of the main reasons one could argue that democracy is not  compatible within a Marxist framework is  because Marxism has never successfully  coexisted with democracy on a large scale. The federation of  communes that Marx  describes in his ideal social democracy is an institution, which under everyone  makes  decisions together a direct democracy. In this collective everyone  would have a say, however it could be  argued that in order for a society to  work you need people with expertise in certain fields or there would be social  chaos and nothing would be achieved.   One of the key events that influenced Marxs political  writings was the French Revolution.  Ã‚  Marx wrote near the  end of the 19th  century and it could be  suggested that it was the events of the hundred years before him that  shaped  many of his ideas. He had been born into time just after an age of democratic  revolution.[12]  The  American, English and French Revolutions had taken place in these years and  the democratic world seemed to  be a plethora of unrest and rebellion. Marx saw  and commented on what had happened at this time. He writes in  The Civil War in France  -part III  (1871) the features by term he  understands democracy. He wrote that the Paris  Commune that took place from 18th  March to 28th  May 1871 where the workers took control was a good  model  of democracy. Anarchists and Marxists are well known to celebrate this  form of direct democracy. One might argue that one of the only truly democratic models  where Marxism has been known to work in the world was within the  Kibbutz in Israel. The Kibbutz  is or at least was a form of Communism in which there are small communities  in  which the people work together for equal pay and for equal share of the  land. Originally these communes were  set up by the Russian refugees in the  early 20th  century many of which who were escaping persecution from  the  Russian Tsarist regime. They set up these communities that were based  around agriculture and with the strict  view that each person would receive a share  of whatever work they put into the community, a lot like Marxism. This  model,  although not entirely Marxist, is based on Marxs ideals of collective  responsibility and is thought of to be  one of the only known models of Marxism  that has successfully incorporated a democratic element, perhaps  because it is on  a small scale. Another way that one can  approach the question of Marxisms compatibility with democracy is to consider the  ways in which Marxism, as a form of social democracy designed by and for the  people, falls short of success.  Schumpter (1965) refers to the idea that  democracy is not an end in itself. The book  Can  Democracy Be  Designed?[13]  looks at the transitions to democracy from different societies and the  intuitional choices that are  made . Stable democratic societies  are  usually the product of natural democratic evolution. In the 1830s the  Peel-  and Pitt-ites who were anti revolutionary would have called it the organic  system of government and  society that works best and that is the most  stable.  Ã‚  Professor Mayo writes that  democratic societies are  economically advanced where the emphasis is on the  rights of the citizen and on freedom and tolerance.  Democracy of this kind has  evolved slowly and is the result of long historical struggles.  [14]  This means that because democracy comes about through slow development, that the violent change and class struggle that is associated with Marx is incompatible with the idea of democracy or it existing after a Marxist revolution. Marxism emphasises the need to restructure the economic  order and the way in which the workers relationship  with the employer is taken  advantage of.  Ã‚  The inconsistency  with democracy therefore lies in terms of taking the  power from the ruling class  and then everything naturally failing into place with democracy after such  radical  social change. This would seem to be  one of the major  problems with democracy and Marxisms compatibility.  Critics of Marxism  have said that the key incompatibility lies in terms when used together.  Ã‚  Joseph V.  Femia  writes, arent the two terms in the title mutually contradictory? Is Marxist  democracy not an oxymoron?'[15]  A  Marxian democracy if one were to exist would simply be a dictatorship of the  proletariat'[16]as Marx called it.  Ã‚  He explains that once the masses have taken control from the  bourgeois parliamentary government that the  dictatorship of the proletariat  has to be cruel, stern, bloody and painful  [17]and that in terms of Lenins legacy it  is difficult  to treat him as a philosopher of freedom'[18] Writer  Francis Fukuyama  (1992)  posits that  liberal  democracy  has continually confirmed to be a more successful  structure than any other system and that the world has entered the final stage of sociological development. He writes, The twentieth century saw the developed world descend into a  paroxysm of  ideological violence which amounted in the Cold War to ,finally an updated  Marxism that threatened  to lead to the ultimate apocalypse of nuclear war.'[19]  Perhaps the concept  that liberal democracies are the finalised and best-developed models of world than  that of Marx is true an extent but his theory falls short in other ways.  Fukuyamas  The End of History and Last of Man  states that the societies are in its final stage of development and that other models that have come before such as Marxism, the World has progressed past. Fukuyama states that ultimately society has reached the end of its development democratically with the end produ ct being what we have today. However one can argue that his suggestions are parochial in the sense that in every society people would have assumed that their understanding and development would be the final knowledge of the world as they knew it. To say that we may have progressed passed Marxism would be one assertion because perhaps due to what we have learnt from the dangers of Communism we have indeed developed past it. However to say that this is the end of history and that we have no more knowledge that will developed from democracies in the world is a narrow perspective no one can ever know what will happen next. This is even more so the case if we look according to what has happened in the world thus far. Usually it is out of the Capitalist or liberal democracies that comes the most revolutionary regimes in society such as Marxism. We can never know what will come next. Since the fall of the  Berlin wall and the end of the Cold War it seems there is a growing importance surrounding  the notion of democratic peace theory.  Democratic peace theory aims to explain  how and why  in the liberal democracies, states that are democratic generally do  not fight each other.[20]  However neo-Marxists such as  Imma nuel Wallerstein who is  a world systems theorist would say that it due to there being a  collective  interest for peace within these countries that world wars and rebellions do not break out. He also says that this is not supposedly to  do with the triumphs of liberal democracy but the fact that it is not in the economic interests of the most powerful countries to be at war. In essence the  question whether Marxism can be brought about and work within a pre-existing  democratic framework  Ã‚  and  if democracy can endure and thrive  within a Marxist regime is one that clashes because the two notions in both cases are incompatible. I think one of the fundamental arguments  in terms of  the apparent  eclipse of socialism is that Socialism has been superseded by other forms of government and ones that are more humanitarian, stable and that have worked for a longer time. Whilst it may be nice in some cases for a there to be direct democracy where people could vote on every issue they wanted to and for and some aspects of Marxism to be applied today, features of it would be impractical. If there were to be a referendum and monthly, weekly or daily commune I doubt this would work very well. Not only would decisions take a long time to be counted, but perhaps you need people in society with certain expertise like the men in parliament who we ent rust our civil liberties with. Not only can the failures of Marxism been seen and the impracticalities of a purely Socialist democracy , but also Marxism can be perceived as outdated. Aspects of the Capitalist world such as the competition that is created in the markets could be argued to be compatible with democracy as there is a genuine choice people face whether or not they enter into this competitive race. Democracy in terms of economics is something that Marx focuses heavily on, whilst seemingly failing to handle the social problems that inevitably arise from radicalism. His utopian vision is one that I believe is inherently incompatible with democracy. [1]  Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (1888)  The Communist Manifesto, Chapter 1, ed David Mc Lellan,  Oxford  Worlds Classics [2]  ibid Chapter 2 [3]  ibid Chapter 2 [4]  Carole Pearce (1991) A Critique of Marxism-Leninism as Theory and  Praxis,  Review of African  Political  Economy,  No. 50, Africa in a New World Order, pp.102-114, Taylor and  Francis Ltd   [5]  Norman Geras,(1987) Post Marxism?,  The New Left Review  163, May-June 1987 [6]  Stephen Eric Boner ,(1990)  Socialism Unbound  ,pg.87, Routledge: New  York [7]  Antonio Gramsci, The Revolution Against Capital in  Selections from Political Writings  1910-1920,  ed. Quinton Hoare, trans. John Mathews (New York, 1977), pp.34ff [8]  Stephen Eric Boner ,(1990)  Socialism Unbound  ,pg.87, Routledge, New  York [9]  Karl Marx (1867)  Capital  Vol. 1 [10]  Bernard-Henry Levy (1979)  Barbarism with a Human Face,  1st ed  ,New York:  Harper   Row, pp.155 [11]  Max Weber (1964) , Politics as a Vocation, in  From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology,  ed  H.H.Gerth and C.W.Mills, New York, 1964 p.121 [12]  R.R Palmer, (1969)  Age of the Democratic Revolution,  The: A Political History of Europe  and  America, 1760-1800: v. 1: Challenge,  Princeton: Princeton University Press [13]  Can Democracy Be Desgined?  (2003),,  Ed .Sunil Bastian and Robin Luckham,  Zed Books, London [14]  H. B. Mayo; Walter Bedell Smith (1957)  Democracy and Marxism  by  The  Philosophical Reviewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Vol.  66, No. 2 (Apr., 1957), pp. 268-271 [15]  Joseph V. Femia (1993)  Marxism  and democracy,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚  Oxford University Press: Oxford p.1 [16]  Marx (1852),  Letter to Weydemeyer [17]  Marx  Andrzej  Walicki  Ã‚  (1995)  Marxism and the Leap  to the Kingdom of Freedom  The Rise and Fall  of the Communist Utopia,  Standford Universtiy  Press: Chicago pp.280 [18]  ibid  Ã‚  pp.332 [19]  Fukuyama, Francis  (1992).  The  End of History and the Last Man. London: Penguin. [20]  Daniele  Archibugi(2008)  The Global Commonwealth of Citizens.  Toward Cosmopolitan Democracy,  Princeton University Press: Princeton

Phipps Plaza Mall Analysis :: essays research papers

Mall Analysis: Phipps Plaza How exciting malls are in terms of architectural and interior design! Just by going around the heart of any major city and seeing new steel and glass structures stretching towards the sky, many people may feel that shopping malls are a perfect destination for a combination of shopping and entertainment. As the largest city in the Southeast, Atlanta along with its vast history and historical museums, also offers the region’s largest selection of shopping opportunities. Among these shopping opportunities is the Simon Property Group. Simon Property Group is the US's number 1 shopping mall owner and one of the nation's largest publicly trade real estate companies (www.hoovers.com). It owns some of the area's better known malls, including Lenox Square, Phipps Plaza and The Mall of Georgia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Perhaps these could be the reasons that Phipps Plaza was chosen to be one of the most luxurious designed mall in Atlanta area. It boasts a diverse array of men’s and women's apparel shops, specialty retailers and dining opportunities, in addition to a 14-theater movie complex. Phipps Plaza affords shoppers opportunities to buy everything from fine jewelry at Tiffany & Co. to high-tech home electronics at Bang & Olufsen Of Atlanta; from crystal pigs at its sophisticated Ross-Simons to state-of-the-art athletic footwear at Niketown. Sports fans and even the most casual athletes who have yet to visit a Niketown store might want to take advantage of this store's many accessories. Part museum, part retail outlet for all things Nike, each Niketown is a monument to marketing like no other, specially located at Phipps Plaza. Target Market: Walking through the mall I noticed that the target market was mainly high-end customers and people who where not worried about spending a little more for a great product. There were a lot of galleries and the atmosphere was very sophisticated with marbled floors and stained wood accents that gave the overall appearance of catering to professionals as well as young adults. There were a few stores for men, but the majority of the stores were focused more towards women, with also some children stores. Tenant Mix: There was a great mix of stores, from men and women’s apparel like Chico’s, Parisian, The Gap, Bebe and Gucci to decorative accessories like Frontgate and Jewelry stores like Tiffany & Co. The overall Tenant mix consisted of over 100 upscale stores that catered to those who were looking for unique items not carried by other chain stores. Phipps Plaza Mall Analysis :: essays research papers Mall Analysis: Phipps Plaza How exciting malls are in terms of architectural and interior design! Just by going around the heart of any major city and seeing new steel and glass structures stretching towards the sky, many people may feel that shopping malls are a perfect destination for a combination of shopping and entertainment. As the largest city in the Southeast, Atlanta along with its vast history and historical museums, also offers the region’s largest selection of shopping opportunities. Among these shopping opportunities is the Simon Property Group. Simon Property Group is the US's number 1 shopping mall owner and one of the nation's largest publicly trade real estate companies (www.hoovers.com). It owns some of the area's better known malls, including Lenox Square, Phipps Plaza and The Mall of Georgia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Perhaps these could be the reasons that Phipps Plaza was chosen to be one of the most luxurious designed mall in Atlanta area. It boasts a diverse array of men’s and women's apparel shops, specialty retailers and dining opportunities, in addition to a 14-theater movie complex. Phipps Plaza affords shoppers opportunities to buy everything from fine jewelry at Tiffany & Co. to high-tech home electronics at Bang & Olufsen Of Atlanta; from crystal pigs at its sophisticated Ross-Simons to state-of-the-art athletic footwear at Niketown. Sports fans and even the most casual athletes who have yet to visit a Niketown store might want to take advantage of this store's many accessories. Part museum, part retail outlet for all things Nike, each Niketown is a monument to marketing like no other, specially located at Phipps Plaza. Target Market: Walking through the mall I noticed that the target market was mainly high-end customers and people who where not worried about spending a little more for a great product. There were a lot of galleries and the atmosphere was very sophisticated with marbled floors and stained wood accents that gave the overall appearance of catering to professionals as well as young adults. There were a few stores for men, but the majority of the stores were focused more towards women, with also some children stores. Tenant Mix: There was a great mix of stores, from men and women’s apparel like Chico’s, Parisian, The Gap, Bebe and Gucci to decorative accessories like Frontgate and Jewelry stores like Tiffany & Co. The overall Tenant mix consisted of over 100 upscale stores that catered to those who were looking for unique items not carried by other chain stores.

Comparing Power in Cry, The Beloved Country and The Women of Brewster Place :: comparison compare contrast essays

True Power in Cry, the Beloved County, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, and The Women of Brewster Place      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The world sets out to disappoint man. There exists a constant battle in which man has to prove himself by rising up against inevitable pain and destruction. When the struggle we face will end is unknown to us, and remains a mystery. The question of why we are forced to struggle even goes unanswered. Yet to overcome everything trying to disempower man, all we need is love. Through endless possibilities we can both love and use this power to create something more, something so great it enables us to transcend those who try to disempower. Even though this love exists in so many forms and pervades every moment of our lives, the challenge remains to find it. In Cry, the Beloved County by Alan Paton, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich by Solzhenitsyn, and The Women of Brewster Place by Gloria Naylor, the characters depict our endless search for love and the power it carries with it.    Perhaps it is the innocence that lures man to them, perhaps it is even their helplessness that compels man to reach out to them, but whatever the cause, people so often find their love within children. Being with a child eliminates all other worries and pains of the world. Paton says as much when he declares, "Now God be thanked that there is a beloved one who can lift up the heart in suffering, that one can play with a child in the face of such misery" (Paton 62). Though Kumalo experiences continuing hardships on his trip to Johannesburg, nothing brings him greater pleasure than when he plays with the child of his daughter. "When he plays with the child, there is something that comes out of him so that he is changed" (Paton 118). Expressed even further is the love created with a child of one's own. Luciela Turner, of Women of Brewster Place, looks at her daughter as her only source of love that has ever come without pain, and the child brings her so much pleasure. "The p layful laughter of her daughter, heard more often now, brought a sort of redemption," Naylor says (96).

Constructive Teaching Methods: Nursing

I am a registered nurse working in one of the largest NHS hospitals in the UK. There are three different specialities on my ward. Infection disease, Tropical disease, Immunology, but we are well known as the Infection Disease ward. My ward is a Fourteen bedded ward; consisting of mostly single and double lobby side rooms, we also have five bedded bay. Due to the NMC (2008a) confidentiality code I must refrain from using any information regarding the identity of people in order to protect the identities, trust and clinical settings. The purpose of this assignment is to explore the experience of mentoring student nurses and also to establish a working relationship. This professional study will enable me to nurture the student nurses and improve the outcome of the student learning process and how the experience will affect my future practise. The definition of a mentor is a registrant professional e.g. nurse, midwives or any other professionals who has successfully completed an accredit ed mentor preparation programme from an approved HE programme. The NMC definition of a mentor is, a registrant who following successful completion of an NMC approved mentor preparation programme – or comparable preparation that has been accredited by an AEI as meeting the NMC mentor requirements – has achieved the knowledge, skills and competence required to meet the defined outcomes† (NMC, 2008b).Mentors need to be qualified for at least a year in their current profession and most mentors would have worked with students as co-mentors. A mentor is therefore an individual who has achieved the knowledge, skills and competence required to meet the defined outcomes of stage 2 of the developmental framework to support learning and assessment in practice (NMC, 2008b). The role of the mentor is teach and guide future nurses in a clinical area, whilst keeping to the NMC standards of mentoring in health and social care (NMC, 2008b). Mentors play a vital role in supporting , teaching and assessing students in the practice area. Helping study to learn or have better understanding of the ward speciality, according to their level of learning stage.Relate learning and teaching strategies to ensure effective learning experiences and the opportunity to achieve learning outcomes for students by giving the student nurses the confidence to ask questions about their learning experience. Communicating and evaluating principles of assessment, including direct observation to the demonstration of competence, utilising appropriate  criteria for the student nurse. Facilitating learning opportunities, by allowing students to work with the Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) and going to surgical or non-surgical procedures to improve their learning development.Part 2.The NMC also known as The Nursing and Midwifery Council is a supervisory body for nurses and midwives. The main purpose of the NMC is to protect the health and welfare of the general public by retaining a regi ster of all nurses, midwifes and specialist community public health nurses that are able to work inside the UK. They ensure this by setting up a framework for their education, conduct, training, presentation and principles.When issuing new standards or giving advice, the NMC turn to nurses and midwives as well as potential nurses and midwives, the general public, employers and all those involved in the teaching and educating of nurses and midwives. When those standards have been set, they are revised once every five years (NMC, 2004a). As part of the NMC standards for mentors; practice teachers, teacher nurses and midwives must correspond to the 8 domains. †¢Establishing effective working relationships†¢Facilitation of learning †¢Assessment and Accountability †¢Evaluation of learning †¢Creating an environment for learning †¢Context of practice †¢Evidence-based practice †¢LeadershipEstablishing an effective working relationship and creating an environment for learning are two important standards that a mentor must create at the start of their mentorship. When establishing an effective working relationship with their student they must exhibit a decent understanding of all factors that affect how the undergraduates integrate into the practice as well as helping the student overcome obstacles that would affect meeting that standard.They must also provide the continuous support and guidance to simplify change from one learning environment to another by providing the student with time to adjust to the changeover. Above all a mentor must have  an authentic professional and semi-professional working relationship to support the student with their entry into the register (NMC, 2004). When creating an environment for learning, a mentor must remember to give guidance and support to a student by identifying the level their working at and by giving the right provision that they need.Also they must use a variety of learning experienc es including patients, clients, carers and the professional team; to meet definite learning needs; also they must classify aspects of the learning environment which could be improved by discussing with others to make suitable alterations. But above all they must perform as a resource to simplify the personal and professional growth of others. The daily challenges that mentors face is time and having a place to address their students. As a mentor you have your own job to carry out as well as teaching and assessing students, which makes time-keeping difficult.A mentor is expected to perform different roles, the main focus lies on a mentor's ability to serve as a role model to nursing students. A mentor cannot neglect their other duties as a nurse, they need to be able to carry out the duty of being a nurse which is a time consuming job, and this also affects how they assess their students as they have barely enough time to do so. Another problematic issue that is hard to solve is havi ng a place to address students in the work environment, it is understandable that a hospital isn’t exactly an office building but a busy environment where all the employees need to be attentive, however this is our place of work nonetheless and students deserve a place where their mentors can thoroughly converse with them on any issues they may have.If mentors were able to instruct their students on certain responsibilities that they need instructions on and assess their students without the challenges that occur around the work place, mentors would have less of a hard time trying to see to all of their responsibilities at once (NMC, 2008b). The Nursing and Midwifery Council standards are to support the learning and assessment in the practise setting. The practise do provide a framework for mentors, however the nature of documents it is not comprehensive enough to consider all angles of competence in the interpretation of the student assessment (Cassidy, 2009)It could be refl ected that on some level of assessment that it can remain biased despite the framework being provided, due to the innate nature of the involved profession and the variation of skills to be  assessed. Duffy (2003) identified that one reason mentors may â€Å"fail to fail† students in practise is lack of knowledge of the assessment process. Price (2005) says that practise-based assessment needs to be conducted transparently, rigorously and fairly, and discussed two purposes of assessment: Formative and summative assessment.Holistic assessment of competence is challenging to structure on a framework, predominantly when considering a student reflexive action to develop their knowledge skills and attitude with emotional intelligence (Freshwater and Stickley 2004). This is somewhat corrected by the responsive development of a ‘sign off mentors’ who make a final judgement on the fitness for practice of the student at the end of their training at the end of their third year placement (NMC 2008b).Part 3: My practice based assessment sessionPractice based assessment is a core method of assessing the knowledge, skills and attitude of a student (Bloom 1956, Wallace 2003), but is complex to ensure objective management (Carr, 2004). To accommodate a diversity of patients and needs (Dogra and Wass, 2006), different types of assessment are necessary, all of which are part of the mentor student relationship (Wilkinson et al 2008, Figure 3, NMC 2008b).Type of assessmentClinical evaluation exercise; is a demonstrations of the student performing an important clinical skill, this can be integrated into ward environment or routine patient encounter (e.g. seeing a student wash their hands with alcohol gel after seeing a patient) Direct observation of procedural skill; observing a student carrying out a procedure and providing feedback afterwards (e.g. performing the seven stages of the hand washing technique). Case based discussion; this is a structured intervi ew to explore behaviour and judgement (e.g. discussing aspects of a study and what a student did or observed). Mini peer assessment; is when a qualified professional providing feedback on an individual’s performance, including self-assessment (e.g. feedback from observers that supervise a student in their clinical placement).Validity and reliability are the cornerstones of a fair and objective method assessment, and mentors need to ensure that their  assessment sessions is appropriate to the level of the learner (Walsh, 2010) Assessment is formal knowledge that allows mentors to review of abstract of knowledge, including the possibility of probable risks or other influencing factors. Assessing an individual in practice, is related to collecting information as evidence of the student’s ability to perform particular in a clinical settings, these includes observing, measuring, interviewing and making decision (Gopee, 2011).These skills are also used to evaluate a studen ts’ knowledge and skills. For the evaluation of health professional learners’ for the clinical competencies and related knowledge, assessments can be described as a purposeful observation and questioning commenced to ascertain the learners’ ability to perform particular clinical interventions in a precise accordance with established or approved guidelines, and the knowledge of rationales for each action (Gopee, 2011).Consistent assessments have limitations regarding validity and reliability for many reasons. There is an obligation for co-ordination between educators and service providers to approve on suitable assessment pathways for formative and summative assessments, allowing a fitting level of an assessment and practice theory link (Price, 2007). Mentoring in a complex clinical setting, makes it difficult to assess the competence of our student learners, also student skills might be ignored due to congruence necessary between possession of personal qualities and their applications in a moment of care, given the complexity of many nursing situation.Therefore, mentors need to be conscious of providing safe, high quality patient care while supporting the participants and learning in complex care situations (Cassidy, 2009). This is critical, as being an expert practitioner may not automatically equate with being a proficient assessor (Cassidy, 2009). Competence has become especially significant to the achievement of clinical learning outcomes as 50% of fitness for practise (Department of Health, 1999).My assessment was to assess the competence of a first year student using the seven stages hand washing technique in a clinical setting. I consider hand washing to be an important skill in nursing because it prevents the spread of diseases and infections from carer’s to patients. Poor hygiene enables infections and bacteria to spread around the hospital, especially when health professionals do not wash their hands thoroughly before and after seeing a patient.Therefore, if everyone washed their hands thoroughly we  would reduce the risk of cross contamination. By teaching my student the importance of the hand washing technique this would then make a huge impact on their learning outcome. I would consider this assessment a direct observation of a procedural skill (Wilkinson et al, 2008). During my assessment, an observing qualified mentor was present and observing at all angles of the assessment and feedback. The observing assessor has completed the written feedback about the assessment provided (Appendix 2). My assessment was planned using the criteria and a number of selected questions developed, to test the students understanding (Appendix 1).The criteria for the assessment, was planned at an appropriate level for the student to comprehend on both a theoretical and practical level (Stuart, 2007).I will establish a rapport by introducing myself to the student and explaining the teaching that I will do without ma king the student learner feel anxious or nervous. I am planning to do a checklist where my student will be able to evaluate my teaching by completing a questionnaire. In this questionnaire my student will be able to evaluate me by choosing a mark between 1-5, 1 being very bad and 5 being very good (Appendix 3). With this plan I will be able to reflect on my teaching and identify my weaknesses so that future students will be able to learn even more from me.My observer informed me that I had established a good rapport with my student which helped reduce any anxiety with the student, also I was informed that I connected with my student which helped the student feel comfortable. The environment was calm which means that the location was suitable for the teaching session. My observer also indicated that I had a good use of verbal language which also means that the student and I had no difficulties communicating pre and post teaching sessions.My positive attitude helped the teaching outco me as it eased the student’s anxiety and provided a good learning atmosphere. Considering the feedback and upon my own reflection on the assessment, there is need for my future development. However, I can say that my teaching was affective in a positive light, and I feel that my student has demonstrated a good hand washing technique that they have learnt from my teaching demonstrations.For future references, I will arrange for my student to take on more responsibilities for example; doing a hand washing audit. In conclusion, my observing assessor thought that my assessment of the student was suitable for their level of knowledge, skill and attitude (Bloom 1956,  Hinchliffe 2009, NMC 2008b) and effective in defining the level of competency in this clinical area.Part 4: My practice based teaching sessionI have arranged a teaching plan (Appendix 4), a power-point presentation and a hand out of the presentation prior to the teaching session. My presentation mentions the importa nce of the hand washing technique and gives step by step instructions that my student will find valuable. This teaching took an andragogy approach as an opposed to pedagogy approach, however, during my demonstrations it was clear that the learning allows for a more pedagogy approach. The pedagogy approach uses a descriptive of the old-style approach to teaching which regards the teacher as the font of all knowledge and upon whom the student is dependent. The learning theory descriptionThe humanistic approach takes into account base feelings, attitudes and values when examining knowledge and skills and recommends that rationale for learning in personal growth. This approach is very useful in nursing, as the attitudes and ethics are closely linked to nursing. One of the key factors of this approach is the importance of creating an independent, student centred, pleasant and safe teaching environment. The humanistic theories identify two different types of teaching approach, andragogy a nd pedagogy. The andragogy uses the concept of adult learning, where the pedagogy is generally regarded as relating to teaching children. There are four basic differences between the adult learner and child learner. Self-concept:Adult are more responsible for their own learning experience, they are less dependent and self-directed in their own learning. Adults are more involved in the planning and evaluation of their work, whereas children rely predominantly on the teacher to plan and also evaluate their learning. Experience:Adults use their past experiences and previous knowledge as a guide to their future learning. Readiness to learn: Adult learners are likely to be in education of their own accord therefore they take their initiative for learning and tend to focus more on that which has direct relevance on their lives. Orientation to learning:Adults are more enthusiastic to try and apply their learning to life and will usually become more problem focused rather than content orien ted.The difference between the cognitive and behaviourist learning theories is that behaviourist believe that learning is based upon the key concept of stimulus response and condition whereas the cognitive believe that learning involves the mental process such as perception, reasoning, memory and information processing (Walsh, 2010).I have arranged for a qualified mentor to assess and observe my teaching and my feedback that I provided to the student (appendix 5). My assessor provided written feedback on my session. My assessor also noted how beneficial the use of further reading and hand outs. Provision of printed hand-outs, particularly with space for notes beside them, may help accommodate students who have dyslexia, and may otherwise struggle to absorb the information provided (White, 2007).I arranged the presentation to a standard where my student would be able to comprehend, with visual and audio guidance where each slide has just enough information to be thoroughly understood ; as I was going through the presentation I was keeping good eye contact and body language to ensure that my students felt comfortable. At the end of the slide, I asked my student if they understood what I said and demonstrated. My assessor commented upon the open questions I asked, keeping the student interested, engaged and relating to practice, encouraging andragogy learning.Learning StyleVisual; Learns through images, visual tools or imagining events. Completed tasks on time, has a reasonable interest in theoretical values Auditory; Learns well through talks or lectures. Absorbs sequenced organised information well, Uses checklist. Great at multitasking. Can focus well and understands the big picture. Kinaesthetic (Tactile) Learns through doing. Tends to enjoy the experience of learning. Finds it easy to demonstrate. Can  completely understand instructions or information when presented orally. Finds attention to detail simple.Upon reflection I can use this experience to expand my personal knowledge and how to develop my skills as mentor in the future. I will different resource to expand on my teaching as a mentor, different methods to suit the individual needs to learn. A wider range of learning styles would accommodate all types of learning (Rassool and Rawaf 2007, Pashler et al 2009). I would also ask my student, the best way to learn and accommodate their learning needs. I can also put more emphasis on patient safety issues (Beskine 2008).Part 5During my mentorship preparation, I have learnt that being a mentor is essential part of the student learning curve. As a mentor it is my responsibility to support my student in meeting the continues professional developments needs in agreement to the Code of Practice (NMC 2008b, Ali and Panther 2008). I also learnt that being a mentor is fragment and section of leadership behaviour to teach students (Girvin, 1998). Transformational direction focuses on the ability to influence circumstances or people by affect ing their methodology of thought and their role modelling (Girvin, 1998). Transformational guidance in nursing inspires independence and allows students or staff to reach their potential and encourages good interprofessional rapport (Pollard, 2009).By assessing and addressing the daily obstacles mentors face in clinical environment, I would act as role model to overcome the difficulty of time and having a quiet place to assess my student. I would manage my time by planning ahead and adhere to this set time and book a room to interview my student in advance. This will help me to develop my student and help me as a mentor, but would also set a good example for the other mentors on the ward, this will improve their behaviour and practice in a positive way (Girvin 1998, Pollard 2009).Overcoming obstacles such as bad staffing levels, busy ward situation and the burden of clinical commitments influence me on a harmful effective working relationship between the student and I (Beskine 2009, Hurley and Snowden 2008, McBrien 2006). Finding time to provide written feedback in the student’s documentation can be limited (Price, 2007). By e-mailing other colleagues mentors regarding the student progress on regular basis it may become common practice providing a greater range of student evaluation and a positive learning environment (Cassidy, 2009). This feedback can then be sent to the mentor at a quieter time, and discussed with the student prior to signing and entry into their documentation with time being less of an issue. Despite this being a good use of resources and time management (Beskine 2009).Preventing influencing factors such as anxiety of the student or I affecting the reliability, subjectivity and the validity of the assessment (Price, 2007). This can be supported by facilitating the learning of my student by having flexibility and understanding of the different learning styles of the student, including students with learning difficulties or disability (White 2007, Stuart 2007). As mentors, we must place strong relations between practice and theory to ensure suitability of assessment and teaching. With these concerns, the student mentor relationship must be encouraged to provide a good quality learning experience (Ali and Panther, 2008).Pre-assessing my students learning style in the initial interview would help me encourage the student to participate in a higher standard of learning (Knowles, 1990). This would help me to adjust my working strategy to build a better relationship between the student and I. I am currently mentoring a first year student on their first clinical placement, and from observation I could identify they lack a great deal of experience with adult learning and constantly need extra support and provision of resources to facilitate the learning curve, predominantly with practical skills.Orientation is the gateway to a positive placement (Beskine, 2009). All students deserve to be assessed fairly and objectively (Ali and Panther 2008), however this might cause hostile emotions or teaching environment to both the student and assessor, so it is important that this is done properly, to ensure student  progression is not impaired (Duffy 2003, Wilkinson 1999) and competence is insured to maintained patient safety(NMC 2008b, Lomas 2009).My main concern is to ensure that all the students I work with are properly assessed and are competent and fit for practice (NMC, 2008b). It is vital to frequently work with students and have clear objectives set for them from the initial interview (Duffy and Hardicre, 2007a). I am aware that my responsibility as their mentor is to make sure all concerns with the student performance are raised by midpoint the latest, so we can set action plan for the final interview. There should be no sudden surprises for the student summative assessment and for their progress and level of competence (Duffy and Hardicre, 2007a).In conclusion, mentoring is a complex and diverse role, and it is a role I will take on with focus and knowledge and the endeavour to continue to develop as a practitioner, assessor and teacher in the clinical setting. This reflective process has been incredibly valuable in preparing me to be a mentor, and my personal and professional development. I have gained a much deeper understanding of the mentor student process through investigation of the various aspects of NMC standards, as well as various assessments and teaching strategies. Areas on which I must develop are clear and in completing this course I feel adequately prepared, and look forward to further developing my skills and knowledge within this role.